Apush Notes

1. The Shaping of wedlock America 1. Recorded history began 6,000 eld ago. It was 500 years ago that europiumans pile foot on the Americas to begin the date of reference of accurately recorded history on the continent. 2. The theory of Pangaea exists suggesting that the continents were once nestled unitedly into hotshot mega-continent. The continents then spread show up as drifting is defeats. 3. Geologic forces of Continental plates created the Appalachian and Rocky Mountains. 4. The Great shabu Age thrust down everywhere northward America and scoured the front daylight American Midwest. 2. Peopling the Americas 1.The Land keep going theory 1. As the Great drinking glass Age diminished, so did the glaciers over trade union America. 2. The theory holds that a Land distich emerged linking Asia & North America across whats today the Bering Sea. People were said to withdraw walked across the bridge before the ocean level rose and sealed it remove and thus populated th e Americas. 2. The Land twosome is suggested as occurring an estimated 35,000 years ago. 3. Many great deals emerged 1. Those groups that traversed the land bridge spread across North, Central, and s pop outhern America. 2. Countless populations emerged with an estimated 2,000 languages.Notably 1. Incas Peru, with elaborate net field of roads and bridges linking their empire. 2. Mayas Yucatan Peninsula, with their step pyramids. 3. Aztecs Mexico, with step pyramids and kind sacrifices of conquered batchs. 3. The Earliest Americans 1. Develop manpowert of corn or maize roughly 5,000 B. C. in Mexico was revolutionist in that 1. Then, tribe didnt stool to be hunter-gatherers, they could plentytle down and be farmers. 2. This fact gave rise to towns and then cities. 3. corn arrived in the present day U. S. almost 1,200 B. C. 2. Pueblo Indians 1.The Pueblos were the foremost American corn growers. 2. They lived in adobe houses (dried mud) and pueblos (villages in Spani sh). Pueblos are villages of booth shaped adobe houses, stacked angiotensin-converting enzyme on give the other and much beneath cliffs. 3. They had elaborate irrigation systems to draw water system away from rivers to grown corn. 3. Mound Builders 1. These people built grand ceremonial and inhumation mounds and were located in the Ohio Valley. 2. Cahokia, near easternern United States St. Louis today, held 40,000 people. 4. Eastern Indians 1. Eastern Indians grew corn, beans, and squash in three sister farming 1.Corn grew in a stalk providing a treillage for beans, beans grew up the stalk, squashs broad leaves kept the sun discharge the backcloth and thus kept the moisture in the soil. 2. This group likely had the best (most diverse) provender of all North American Indians and is typified by the Cherokee, Creek, Choctaw (South) and Iroquois (North). 5. Iroquois confederation 1. Hiawatha was the legendary leader of the group. 2. The Iroquois Confederation was a group of 5 tribes in untested York state. 3. They were matri threadal as permit and possessions passed down through the female line. 4.Each tribe kept their independence, notwithstanding met occasionally to dispute matters of common interest, like war/defense. 5. This was not the norm. Usually, Indians were scattered and separated (and thus weak). 6. endemic Americans had a very different tidy sum of things as compared to europiumans. 1. Native Americans felt no creation owned the land, the tribe died. (Europeans thirst private property) 2. Indians felt nature was manifold with many spirits. (Europeans were Christian and monotheistic) 3. Indians felt nature was sacred. (Europeans believed nature and land was tending(p) to man by God in coevals to be subdued and put to use). . Indians had forgetful or no concept or interest in coin. (Europeans loved money or gold) 4. Indirect Discoverers of the youthful ball1. The 1st Europeans to come to America were the Norse (Vikings fro m Norway). 1. slightly 1,000 A. D. , the Vikings arrive, led by Erik the Red and Leif Erikson. 2. They landed in sassy makeland or Vinland (due to all of the vines). 3. However, these men left America and left no written record and therefore didnt get the credit. 4. The only record is tack together in Viking sagas or songs. 2. The Christian Crusaders of mall Ages fought in Palestine to regain the blessed Land from Muslims.This mixing of East and due west created a sweet-tooth where Europeans wanted the spices of the exotic East. 5. Europeans draw in Africa This content copyright 2010 by WikiNotes. wikidot. com 1. Marco Polo traveled to China and stirred up a storm of European interest. 2. Mixed with desire for spices, an East to West (Asia to Europe) guile flourished alone had to be overland, at least in part. This initiated new geographic expedition down around Africa in hopes of an easier (all water) route.3. Portugal literally started a water travel school to find be tter ways to get to the Spice Islands, eventually go Africas southern Cape of well-behaved Hope. . New developments emerged 1. caravel a ship with angular sail that could better tack (zig-zag) up into the wind and thus return to Europe from the Africa coast. 2. compass to determine direction. 3. astrolabe a sextant public lavatory that could tell a ships latitude. 5. Slave trade begins 1. Slavery was initially race-independent. A slave was whoever lost in battle. Usually, slaves came from the Slavic regions of Europe, hence the name. 2. The first African slave trade was across the Sahara Desert. 3. Later, it was along the West African coast.Slave traders purposely impoverished up tribes and families in order to put-down any possible uprising. 4. Slaves wound up on sugar woodlets the Portuguese had peck up on the tropical islands off of Africas coast. 5. Spain watched Portugals success with exploration and slaving with envy and wanted a authorship of the pie. 6. Columbus Comes upon a New conception 1. Columbus convinced Isabella and Ferdinand to fund his expedition. 2. His oddment was to reach the East (East Indies) by soaring west, thus bypassing the around-Africa route that Portugal monopolized. 3.He misjudged the size of the reason though, thinking it 1/3 the size of what it was. 4. So, after 30 days or so at sea, when he soft on(p) land, he assumed hed made it to the East Indies and therefore mistook the people as Indians. 5. This spawned the following system 1. Europe would provide the market, capital, technology. 2. Africa would provide the labor. 3. The New World would provide the raw materials of gold, soil, and lumber.7. When Worlds Collide 1. Of commodious importance was the biological flip-flop of aged(prenominal) and New Worlds. Simply put, it was a trade of life such as plants, foods, animals, germs. . From the New World (America) to the Old 1. corn, potatoes, tobacco, beans, peppers, manioc, pumpkin, squash, tomato, wild rice , etcetera 2. also, syphilis 3. From Old World to the New 1. cows, pigs, horses, wheat, sugar cane, apples, cabbage, citrus, carrots, Kentucky bluegrass, etc. 2. devastating diseases smallpox, scandalmongering fever, malaria as Indians had no immunities. 1. The Indians had no immunities in their systems built up over generations. 2. An estimated 90% of all pre-Columbus Indians died, mostly due to disease. 8. The Spanish Conquistadores 1.Treaty of Tordesillas, 1494 Portugal and Spain feuded over who got what land. The pontiff drew this line as he was respected by both. 1. The line ran North-South, and chopped off the Brazilian coast of South America 2. Portugal got everything east of the line (Brazil and land around/ downstairs Africa) 3. Spain got everything west of the line (which turned out to be much more, though they didnt know it at the time) 2. Conquistadores is Spanish conquerors. 1. Vasco Balboa discovered the Pacific Ocean across the dance orchestra of Panama.2. Fer dinand Magellan circumnavigated the globe (he was the first to do so). . paramour de Leon touches and names scarleta aspect for legendary arising of Youth. 4. Hernando Cortes enters Florida, travels up into present day Southeastern U. S. , dies and is buried in disseminated sclerosis River, 5. Francisco Pizarro conquers Incan Empire of Peru and begins shipping tons of gold/silver back to Spain. This huge influx of precious metals made European prices skyrocket (inflation). 6. Francisco Coronado ventured into authoritative Southwest U. S. looking for legendary Cibola, city of gold. He found the Pueblo Indians. 3. Encomienda system established 1.Indians were commended or given to Spanish landlords 2. The idealistic theory of the encomienda was that Indians would work on the farm and be born-again to Christianity. But it was basically just slavery on a sugar plantation guised as missionary work. 9. The Conquest of Mexico 1. Hernando Cortez conquered the Aztecs at Tenochti tlan. 2. Cortez went from Cuba to present day Vera Cruz, then marched over mountains to the Aztec capital. 3. Montezuma, the Aztec king, thought Cortez might be the deity Quetzalcoatl who was due to re-appear that very year. Montezuma welcomed Cortez into Tenochtitlan. . The Spanish proclivity for gold led Montezuma to attack on the noche triste, sad night. Cortez and men fought their way out, but it was smallpox that eventually beat the Indians. 5. The Spanish then destroyed Tenochtitlan, building the Spanish capital (Mexico City) exactly on top of the Aztec city. 6. A new race of people emerged, mestizos, a mix of Spanish and Indian blood. 10. The Spread of Spanish America 1. Spanish society quickly spread through Peru and Mexico 2. A threat came from neighbors 1. English posterior Cabot (an Italian who sailed for England) touched the coast of the current U.S. 2. Italy Giovanni de Verrazano also touched on the North American seaboard. 3. France Jacques Cartier went into mouth of St. Lawrence River (Canada). 3. To oppose this, Spain set up forts (presidios) all over the atomic number 20 coast. Also cities, like St. Augustine in Florid 4. Don Juan de Onate followed Coronados old trail into present day New Mexico. He conquered the Indians ruthlessly, maiming them by cutting off one foot of survivors just so theyd remember. 5. Despite mission efforts, the Pueblo Indians revolted in Popes Rebellion. 6.Robert de LaSalle sailed down the Mississippi River for France claiming the satisfying region for their King Louis and naming the field of operation Louisiana after his king. This started a set of place-names for that area, from LaSalle, Illinois to Louisville and then on down to New Orleans (the American counter of Joan of waivers famous victory at Orleans). 7. Black fable The Black legend was the notion that Spaniards only brought bad things (murder, disease, slavery) though true, they also brought good things such as law systems, architecture, Chri stianity, language, and civilization, so that the Black Legend is partly, but not entirely, accurate.