Human Security and Health

Human security Human security is a diverse concept that cannot be defined or determined by one scholastic view. The fact that people every day are exposed to different vulnerabilities and threats calls for many forms of human security. According to the UNDP human security includes adequate protection of all human beings from threats such as food, environmental, health, economic, personal, community and political insecurities. Human security and health According to Ivan Illich, health is basically an adaptation process. The process results from an autonomous and culturally shaped reaction to realities created by the social settings. Health can also be defined as the ability of a person or individual to normally exists and function in a relationship that his/ her cultural context allows at any point in his/her lifetime. Additionally, health can be viewed as the condition that results from that ability. Dubois believes health is the ability of people to adapt to the dynamic environme nt and the social situations that characterize life. Effectively the â€Å"social situations† refers to cultures that different people have. All the above are important to human survival. However, some carry more importance considering their effect on human beings on everyday life.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Human Security and Health specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Good health normally encompasses access to nutrition in the right amount and disease and stress free life. Human security is only possible if elements like survival, safety, opportunity, dignity, agency and autonomy are available. The above elements are crucial to the achievement of universal health for all people (Acharya 2001). The field of health has for a long time been hampered by gender differences and inequalities that have bred huge gaps between males and females situations. These differences affect the extent to which membe rs of both genders access health as a basic human security need. The elements listed earlier are a precursor to achieving good health and especially reducing vulnerability to HIV/Aids which is one of the biggest global health challenges. The third world is the most affected in terms of HIV infections and the aftermath impacts. Women form the majority of the people infected in these regions severely limiting their health hence rendering them insecure. In the third world, and specific instances of fairly advanced economies like china and Brazil, women and girls have a higher rate of HIV infection because of their dismal positions in terms of economic and social status. It severely impacts on their sovereignty standing that the UNDP stresses is one of the pillars of human security. According to Sovereignty Women in most cases are disadvantaged and underrepresented in various fields of human development especially literacy, income and education. According to statistics, (Garry and Murra y, 2001):Advertising Looking for assessment on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Two thirds of the world’s over 800 million illiterate people are women The average pay for women who perform the same work as men is less by 30-40% In education, women are generally outnumbered by men in terms of enrolment and school completion Women’s health and HIV Aids-the facts According to the WHO There has been a steady increase of adult women living with HIV/Aids since the year 2000 In selected places in Europe, North America, Africa and Asia, HIV/Aids has been cited as the leading killer of women Sub-Saharan Africa has the highest number of people infected with HIV/Aids and one of the places where more women than men are infected and dying with HIV/Aids Some studies have proven that women get infected with HIV at an early age compared to women of the same age group The above facts point to part of the nega tive impacts of gender related inequalities that have deprived women of the right to good health, which is critical to human security. Personal Perspective on Health and human security Human security is achievable. However, it depends on the person’s background and status. I have not experienced any discrimination, I have access t good health and my human security status is satisfactory. Everybody should be able to achieve that. Economic Empowerment and Poverty Hassan (2002) contends that Economic security and opportunity are necessary in bargaining for good health hence human security. Compared to men, women have less of both. According to facts: Poverty has necessitated the creation of a risky environment that increases chances of people especially women of getting infected with HIV. This is through the aggravation of the lack of access basic services like educations and health. Additionally, HIV has been cited as the cause of people losing their sources of livelihoods, st igmatization and failure to access good healthcare. Women and men infected by HIV has been pushed further into poverty due to persistent global inequalities Many governments have implemented austerity measures that have include slashing of expenditure on social programs like healthcare, education and social protection. In the aftermath, more women than men are affected especially considering the fact that women generally are at a disadvantage than men when everything is help constant HIV/Aids and food Security Buzan (2002) says that, Death through HIV has led to labour shortages in the areas most affected Women form the biggest portion of agricultural labour in third world countries. Effects from HIV have led to their declining productivity hence threatening food security in many households and larger communities There an intricate interaction between HIV/Aids related mortality, reduction of farm labour and the faltering economy of the households have forced elderly women in poor health in third world countries to assume responsibility for orphans under a very complicated human security situation War, human security, gender and HIV Aids According to (ul Haq 12), Women are exposed most in situations of war especially through rape and other related crimes In the aftermath of war, women are vulnerable and in higher risk of HIV especially through prostitution. Additionally, they are exposed to rape especially in the refugee camps Action There is need for a gender oriented approach to HIV/Aids within the context of human security. The approach should focus on increased roles of women in economic development Men should become more involve in HIV/Aids prevention and management especially given their positions as family heads, decision makers and bread winners. There is need to implement affirmative actions like the Beijing Plan for Action that will champion the rights of women as minorities Authorities must roll out and implement gender based HIV/Aids programs that are primarily aimed at improving the health of women hence their human security index Good governance and cooperation between countries on issues on gender, women’s health and HIV/Aids Discussion questions What in your opinion surpasses human health in terms of importance? What other factors do you think are as important to human security as health? Do you have any experiences with an epidemic and / or pandemic? What is your country’s situation on HIV/Aids? What in your opinion is the way out in eliminating health problems in developing countries? Primary Readings Gender, women and health: Gender inequalities and HIV https://www.who.int/gender-equity-rights/en/ HIV/AIDS as a human security issue: a gender perspective https://www.un.org/womenwatch/daw/csw/hivaids/kristoffersson.htmAdvertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Human Security and Health specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More References Acha rya Amitay. â€Å"Human Security in the Asia-Paciï ¬ c.† In Mely C.Anthony and Mohamed Jawhar Hassan, eds. The Asia Paciï ¬ c in the New41 Overview of Health and Human Security Case Studies Millenium: Political and Security Challenges. Kuala Lumpur: Institute of Strategic and International Studies. 2001. Buzan, Bary. â€Å"Human Security in International Perspective.† In Mely C. Anthony and Mohamed Jawhar Deepa N , et al. Voices of the Poor Crying Out for Change. New York: Oxford University Press. 2000. Gary King and Murray Christopher. â€Å"Rethinking Human Security.† Political Science Quarterly 16(4): 585–610. 2001. Hassan, eds. The Asia Paciï ¬ c in the New Millenium: Political and Security Challenges. Kuala Lumpur: Institute of Strategic and International Studies. Department of Foreign Affairs and International Trade, Canada. 2002. Web. ul Haq, Mahbub. â€Å"New Imperatives of Human Security.† RGICS Paper No. 7. New Delhi: Rajiv Gandhi I nstitute for Contemporary Studies (RGICS), Rajiv Gandhi Foundation. 1994. This assessment on Human Security and Health was written and submitted by user Sylas B. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Why Immigration Is a Controversial Issue in Uk Essays

Why Immigration Is a Controversial Issue in Uk Essays Why Immigration Is a Controversial Issue in Uk Essay Why Immigration Is a Controversial Issue in Uk Essay Essay Topic: Controversial â€Å"It was once believed that when you were born, you were a blank state and could be taught to learn different things in a variety of way† (Gardner, H. Personal Learning Solution 2012) In this essay I will be talking about the importance of study skills for higher education. I will be identifying the different skills that are used both personal and professional and also providing some evidence towards my findings. The main skills I will be touching on will be people skills, reflective and creative skills, writing skills and also time management. I will be exploring how these skills have an importance in the higher education and viewing their similarity and differences between them. Study skills are the strategies and the different approaches used in learning to develop better understanding and knowledge for a life time. It is an essential piece of material that is needed for better grades in an exam, assignment etc and tackles problems such as bad organization, time management or writing skills which are useful for a life time. There are many different study skills that can be used in higher education in order to gain a successful qualification for a successful job application. It is important indentify your own personal learning style and develop on all the important study skills that helps with your learning. The reason for this is because it helps you remember and learn more and new information. It also allows you to do well in your essays/assignments and exams you are undertaking. Once your learning style has been identified and used, it will provide you with the opportunity to move up a level. There are different styles such as: The Diver: like to get on with it and get it out of the way The Dreamer: like to think a lot and research thoroughly The Logician: like things to make sense and reasons The Searchlight: like to see the bigger picture and find everything interesting (Cottrell, S. 2008. Third Edition. Pg59-60) The Dearing Report (1997) states that â€Å"the key to future success of graduates ommunication skills, numeracy, use of ICT, learning how to learn† (heacademy. ac. uk) This report gives a clear understanding of the main skills need for a successful future. On the other hands in the theory of Gardner’s, H (1983), he believes that everyone should be able to find 8 different areas to help with their learning, which may identify what they prefer (Gardner, H. Personal Learning Solution 2012). The first skill I will talk about is People S kills. This skill has a combination of inter-personal skill, which means the ability to work well with others in a team/group, and also intra-personal skills, which means the ability to manage your own attitudes and emotions within the environment (Cottrell, S. 2003. Pg 115). A people skill involves being able to communicate well with others and adapting to others within the team and interacting well amongst others. This skill can be turned into academic skills by making connections with groups in class, listening well to others allowing everyone to talk, being assertive without demonstrating any form of anger etc. This is one important skill that is needed for higher education which can be developed further for a successful job in the future. My second skill I will talk about is reflective and creative skills. This is a thinking process that can put you in deep thoughts aiming to gain a better understanding. It allows you to make sense of what your putting together, go over what you have, make any judgements and changes needed and also weighing up what you have to get better balance which includes taking different things into account. In the book of The Science Good Study Guide, it states that â€Å"it is important that you take a systematic, analytical, strategic, and reflective approach to managing yourself and your studies† (Northedge, A et al, 1997, pg 16). Creativity plays a big role in study skill because; you need to identify what strategies are suitable for you in learning. With this you can be as creative as you can to help you in the process. The third skill is writing skills. This skill can also be combined with organisation as you will need to learn how to organise your essays and assignments e. . introduction, main body and conclusion/evaluation. Writing is another form of communication. In higher education, when writing an essay/assignment, you are communicating what you know and understand of what you have learnt in class. This is why writing skills is very important so you know what you’re writing is clear for the reader. However as Cottrell (2008) stated that writing a good assignmen t is a hard and challenging process but is a very rewarding aspect of your studying. Your writing skill is something that can always be developed as you grow (The Study Skills Handbook. 2008. Pg167) The last skill I will talk about is time management. This is one of the most essential skill needed, not only for higher education but also for every other thing in life e. g. job, appointments, lectures, meetings etc. you need to know how long it requires for you to do something. Time is special because you cannot change time. I believe everyone has the same exact time on their hands; it depends on how it’s being used by the individual. Most students like myself will complain and say there is not enough time for their work, however what I have come to learn is that if time is managed widely it helps a lot with what you need to do or what you desire to do. In higher education, when time is managed well, it helps set your priorities straight, become more conscious with your decisions and also learn how to become more productive each day. In conclusion, I have come to read and understand how important study skills are in higher education. The first thing is to identify what type of learner you are and focus on the most important study skills. I have come across some understanding that if you lack in your study skills, there is a low chance of gaining good grades meaning less chance of a successful job application. As stated in the Dearing report (1997) the four main skills needed for success in the future and also Howard Gardner’s theory explaining how creative you should be in different ways of learning such as finding 8 different areas to learn that may help with your learning. I believe that we learn something new every day giving us the opportunity to move up a level of intelligence.